Selected References for Howard Fields:

Margolis EB, Fields HL, Hjelmstad GO, Mitchell JM.  Delta-opioid receptor expression in the ventral tegmental area protects against elevated alcohol consumption.  J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 26;28(48):12672-81.

Mitchell JM, Bergren LJ, Chen KS, Rowbotham MC, Fields HL.  Naltrexone aversion and treatment efficacy are greatest in humans and rats that actively consume high levels of alcohol. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 Jan;33(1):72-80.

Margolis EB, Mitchell JM, Ishikawa J, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL. Midbrain dopamine neurons: projection target determines action potential duration and dopamine D(2) receptor inhibition.  J Neurosci. 28(36):8908-13, 2008

Ambroggi F, Ishikawa A, Fields HL, Nicola SM.  Basolateral amygdala neurons facilitate reward-seeking behavior by exciting nucleus accumbens neurons.  Neuron 59(4):648-61,  2008

Ishikawa A, Ambroggi F, Nicola SM, Fields HL.  Contributions of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex to incentive cue responding.  Neuroscience 155(3):573-84,  2008.

Ishikawa A, Ambroggi F, Nicola SM, Fields HL. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex contribution to behavioral and nucleus accumbens neuronal responses to incentive cues. J Neurosci. 28(19):5088-98, 2008.

Boettiger CA, Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Robertson M, Joslyn G, D'Esposito M, Fields HL. Immediate reward bias in humans: fronto-parietal networks and a role for the catechol-O-methyltransferase 158(Val/Val) genotype. J Neurosci. 27 (52): 14383-91, 2007

Taha SA, Nicola SM, Fields HL. Cue-evoked encoding of movement planning and execution in the rat nucleus accumbens. J Physiol. 584 (3): 801-18, 2007.

Fields HL. Understanding how opioids contribute to reward and analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 32 (3): 242-6, 2007.

Fields HL. Should we be reluctant to prescribe opioids for chronic non-malignant pain? Pain 129 (3): 233-4, 2007.

Woolley JD, Lee BS, Kim B, Fields HL. Opposing effects of intra-nucleus accumbens mu and kappa opioid agonists on sensory specific satiety. Neuroscience 146 (4): 1445-52, 2007.

Fields HL, Margolis E, Hjelmstad GO, Nicola SM. Ventral tegmental area neurons in learned appetitive behavior and positive reinforcement. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 30: 289-316, 2007.

Woolley JD, Lee BS, Taha SA, Fields HL. Nucleus accumbens opioid signaling conditions short-term flavor preferences. Neuroscience 146 (1): 19-30, 2007.

German PW, Fields HL. How Prior Reward Experience Biases Exploratory Movements: a Probabilistic Model. J Neurophysiol. 97 2083-2093, 2007.

German PW, Fields HL. Rat Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Persistently Encode Locations Associated With Morphine Reward. J Neurophysiol. 97 2094-2106, 2007.

Mitchell JM, Fields HL, White RL, Meadoff TM, Joslyn G, Rowbotham MC. The Asp40 mu-opioid receptor allele does not predict naltrexone treatment efficacy in heavy drinkers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 27(1):112-5, 2007.

Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Fields HL, D'Esposito M, Boettiger CA. Endogenous opioid blockade and impulsive responding in alcoholics and healthy controls. Neuropsychopharmacology. 32(2):439-49, 2007.

Margolis EB, Lock H, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL. The ventral tegmental area revisited: is there an electrophysiological marker for dopaminergic neurons? J Physiol. 577(Pt 3):907-24, 2006.

Mitchell JM, Bergren LJ, Chen KS, Fields HL. Cholecystokinin is necessary for the expression of morphine conditioned place preference. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 85(4):787-795, 2006.

Woolley JD, Lee BS, Fields HL. Nucleus accumbens opioids regulate flavor-based preferences in food consumption. Neuroscience. 143(1):309-17, 2006.

Taha SA, Norsted E, Lee LS, Lang PD, Lee BS, Woolley JD, Fields HL. Endogenous opioids encode relative taste preference. Eur J Neurosci. 24(4):1220-6, 2006.

Keltner, J.R., Furst, A., Fan, C.,Redfern, R., Inglis, B., Fields, H.L. Isolating the modulatory effect of expectancy upon pain transmission: An FMRI study. J. Neuroscience 26(16):4437-4443, 2006.

Taha, S., Fields, H.L. Inhibitions of nucleus accumbens neurons encode a gating signal for reward-directed behavior. J. Neuroscience 26(1):217-222, 2006.

Margolis, E.B., Lock, H., Chefer, V., Shippenberg, T., Hjelmstad, G.O., Fields, H.L. Kappa opioids selectively control dopaminergic neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex. PNAS, 103: 2938-2942, 2006.

Borgland S.L., Taha, S.A., Sarti, F., Fields, H.L. Bonci, A. Orexin A signaling in dopamine neurons is critical for cocaine induced synaptic plasticity in the VTA and behavioral sensitization. Neuron, 49: 589-601, 2006.

Rowbotham, M.C., Reisner, L.A., Davies, P.S., Fields, H.L. Treatment Response in Antidepressant-Naïve Post-herpetic Neuralgia Patients: Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Clinical Journal of Pain 6: 741-746, 2005.

Nicola, S.M. , Taha, S.A., Kim, S.W., Fields, H.L. Nucleus accumbens dopamine release is necessary and sufficient to promote the behavioral response to reward-predictive cues. Neuroscience 135:1023-33, 2005.

Mitchell, J.M., Fields, H.L., D’Esposito, M., Boettiger, C.A. Impulsive Responding in Alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 29(12):2158-2169, 2005.

Mitchell J.M., Liang, M., Fields, H.L. a single injection of a kappa opioid antagonist increases ethanol consumption without affecting conditioned place preference in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl); 182:384-92, 2005.

Taha, S., Fields, H.L. Encoding of palatability and appetitive behaviors by distinct neuronal populations in the nucleus accumbens. J. Neuroscience, 25:1193-202, 2005.

Margolis, E.M., Hjelmstad, G.O., Bonci, A.,Fields, H.L. Both Kappa and Mu Opioid Agonists Inhibit Glutamatergic Input to Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons. J. Neurophysiology, 93: 3086-93, 2005.

Nicola, S.M., Yun, I., Wakabayashi, K.T., Fields, H.L. Cue-evoked Firing of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Encodes Motivational Significance During a Discriminative Stimulus Task. J. Neurophysiology 91:1840-65, 2004.

Yun, I.A., Wakabayashi, K.T., Fields, H.L., Nicola, S.M. The ventral tegmental area is required for the behavioral and nucleus accumbens neuronal firing responses to incentive cues. J. Neurosci. 24:2923-2933, 2004.

Kim, J.A., Pollak, K., Hjelmstad, G.O., Fields, H.L. A single cocaine exposure enhances both opioid reward and aversion through a VTA-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:5664-5669, 2004.

Yun, I., Nicola, S., Fields, H.L. Contrasting Effects of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptor Antagonist Injection in the Nucleus Accumbens Suggest a Neural Mechanism Underlying Cue-evoked Goal-directed Behavior. European J. Neuroscience. 20: 249-263, 2004.

Johansen, J.P., Fields, H.L., Glutamatergic activation of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex is necessary and sufficient to produce an aversive teaching signal. Nature Neuroscience, 7: 398-403, 2004.

Margolis, E., Hjelmstad, G.O., Bonci, A., Fields, H.L. Kappa opioid agonists directly inhibit neurons in the ventral tegmental area. J. Neurosci 23: 9981-9986, 2003.

Mitchell, J.M., Basbaum, A.I., Fields, H.L., A locus and neural mechanism for associative morphine tolerance. Nature Neuroscience 3:47-53, 2000.

Tershner, S. A., Mitchell, J.M., Fields, H.L., Brainstem pain modulating circuitry is sexually dimorphic with respect to Mu and Kappa opioid receptor function. Pain 85: 153-159, 2000.

Pan, Z.Z., Hirakawa, N., Fields, H.L., A cellular mechanism for the bidirectional pain modulating action of OrphaninFQ/nociceptin. Neuron, 26: 1-20, 2000.

Budai, D., Fields, H.L. Endogenous opioids acting at mu-opioid receptors in the dorsal horn contribute to midbrain modulation of spinal nociceptive neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 79:677-687, 1998.

Meng, I.D., Manning, B.M., Martin, W.J., Fields, H.L. Analgesia Circuit activated by cannabinoids. Nature, 395: 381-383, 1998.

Pan, Z.Z., Tershner, S.A., Fields, H.L. Cellular mechanism for anti-analgesic action of agonists of the k-opioid receptor. Nature, 389:382-385, 1997.

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