Selected References for Howard Fields:

Margolis EB, Mitchell JM, Ishikawa J, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL. Midbrain dopamine neurons: projection target determines action potential duration and dopamine D(2) receptor inhibition.  J Neurosci. 28(36):8908-13, 2008

Ambroggi F, Ishikawa A, Fields HL, Nicola SM.  Basolateral amygdala neurons facilitate reward-seeking behavior by exciting nucleus accumbens neurons.  Neuron 59(4):648-61,  2008

Ishikawa A, Ambroggi F, Nicola SM, Fields HL.  Contributions of the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex to incentive cue responding.  Neuroscience 155(3):573-84,  2008.

Ishikawa A, Ambroggi F, Nicola SM, Fields HL. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex contribution to behavioral and nucleus accumbens neuronal responses to incentive cues. J Neurosci. 28(19):5088-98, 2008.

Boettiger CA, Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Robertson M, Joslyn G, D'Esposito M, Fields HL. Immediate reward bias in humans: fronto-parietal networks and a role for the catechol-O-methyltransferase 158(Val/Val) genotype. J Neurosci. 27 (52): 14383-91, 2007

Taha SA, Nicola SM, Fields HL. Cue-evoked encoding of movement planning and execution in the rat nucleus accumbens. J Physiol. 584 (3): 801-18, 2007.

Fields HL. Understanding how opioids contribute to reward and analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 32 (3): 242-6, 2007.

Fields HL. Should we be reluctant to prescribe opioids for chronic non-malignant pain? Pain 129 (3): 233-4, 2007.

Woolley JD, Lee BS, Kim B, Fields HL. Opposing effects of intra-nucleus accumbens mu and kappa opioid agonists on sensory specific satiety. Neuroscience 146 (4): 1445-52, 2007.

Fields HL, Margolis E, Hjelmstad GO, Nicola SM. Ventral tegmental area neurons in learned appetitive behavior and positive reinforcement. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 30: 289-316, 2007.

Woolley JD, Lee BS, Taha SA, Fields HL. Nucleus accumbens opioid signaling conditions short-term flavor preferences. Neuroscience 146 (1): 19-30, 2007.

German PW, Fields HL. How Prior Reward Experience Biases Exploratory Movements: a Probabilistic Model. J Neurophysiol. 97 2083-2093, 2007.

German PW, Fields HL. Rat Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Persistently Encode Locations Associated With Morphine Reward. J Neurophysiol. 97 2094-2106, 2007.

Mitchell JM, Fields HL, White RL, Meadoff TM, Joslyn G, Rowbotham MC. The Asp40 mu-opioid receptor allele does not predict naltrexone treatment efficacy in heavy drinkers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 27(1):112-5, 2007.

Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Fields HL, D'Esposito M, Boettiger CA. Endogenous opioid blockade and impulsive responding in alcoholics and healthy controls. Neuropsychopharmacology. 32(2):439-49, 2007.

Margolis EB, Lock H, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL. The ventral tegmental area revisited: is there an electrophysiological marker for dopaminergic neurons? J Physiol. 577(Pt 3):907-24, 2006.

Mitchell JM, Bergren LJ, Chen KS, Fields HL. Cholecystokinin is necessary for the expression of morphine conditioned place preference. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 85(4):787-795, 2006.

Woolley JD, Lee BS, Fields HL. Nucleus accumbens opioids regulate flavor-based preferences in food consumption. Neuroscience. 143(1):309-17, 2006.

Taha SA, Norsted E, Lee LS, Lang PD, Lee BS, Woolley JD, Fields HL. Endogenous opioids encode relative taste preference. Eur J Neurosci. 24(4):1220-6, 2006.

Keltner, J.R., Furst, A., Fan, C.,Redfern, R., Inglis, B., Fields, H.L. Isolating the modulatory effect of expectancy upon pain transmission: An FMRI study. J. Neuroscience 26(16):4437-4443, 2006.

Taha, S., Fields, H.L. Inhibitions of nucleus accumbens neurons encode a gating signal for reward-directed behavior. J. Neuroscience 26(1):217-222, 2006.

Margolis, E.B., Lock, H., Chefer, V., Shippenberg, T., Hjelmstad, G.O., Fields, H.L. Kappa opioids selectively control dopaminergic neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex. PNAS, 103: 2938-2942, 2006.

Borgland S.L., Taha, S.A., Sarti, F., Fields, H.L. Bonci, A. Orexin A signaling in dopamine neurons is critical for cocaine induced synaptic plasticity in the VTA and behavioral sensitization. Neuron, 49: 589-601, 2006.

Rowbotham, M.C., Reisner, L.A., Davies, P.S., Fields, H.L. Treatment Response in Antidepressant-Naïve Post-herpetic Neuralgia Patients: Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Clinical Journal of Pain 6: 741-746, 2005.

Nicola, S.M. , Taha, S.A., Kim, S.W., Fields, H.L. Nucleus accumbens dopamine release is necessary and sufficient to promote the behavioral response to reward-predictive cues. Neuroscience 135:1023-33, 2005.

Mitchell, J.M., Fields, H.L., D’Esposito, M., Boettiger, C.A. Impulsive Responding in Alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 29(12):2158-2169, 2005.

Mitchell J.M., Liang, M., Fields, H.L. a single injection of a kappa opioid antagonist increases ethanol consumption without affecting conditioned place preference in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl); 182:384-92, 2005.

Taha, S., Fields, H.L. Encoding of palatability and appetitive behaviors by distinct neuronal populations in the nucleus accumbens. J. Neuroscience, 25:1193-202, 2005.

Margolis, E.M., Hjelmstad, G.O., Bonci, A.,Fields, H.L. Both Kappa and Mu Opioid Agonists Inhibit Glutamatergic Input to Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons. J. Neurophysiology, 93: 3086-93, 2005.

Nicola, S.M., Yun, I., Wakabayashi, K.T., Fields, H.L. Cue-evoked Firing of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Encodes Motivational Significance During a Discriminative Stimulus Task. J. Neurophysiology 91:1840-65, 2004.

Yun, I.A., Wakabayashi, K.T., Fields, H.L., Nicola, S.M. The ventral tegmental area is required for the behavioral and nucleus accumbens neuronal firing responses to incentive cues. J. Neurosci. 24:2923-2933, 2004.

Kim, J.A., Pollak, K., Hjelmstad, G.O., Fields, H.L. A single cocaine exposure enhances both opioid reward and aversion through a VTA-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:5664-5669, 2004.

Yun, I., Nicola, S., Fields, H.L. Contrasting Effects of Dopamine and Glutamate Receptor Antagonist Injection in the Nucleus Accumbens Suggest a Neural Mechanism Underlying Cue-evoked Goal-directed Behavior. European J. Neuroscience. 20: 249-263, 2004.

Johansen, J.P., Fields, H.L., Glutamatergic activation of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex is necessary and sufficient to produce an aversive teaching signal. Nature Neuroscience, 7: 398-403, 2004.

Margolis, E., Hjelmstad, G.O., Bonci, A., Fields, H.L. Kappa opioid agonists directly inhibit neurons in the ventral tegmental area. J. Neurosci 23: 9981-9986, 2003.

Mitchell, J.M., Basbaum, A.I., Fields, H.L., A locus and neural mechanism for associative morphine tolerance. Nature Neuroscience 3:47-53, 2000.

Tershner, S. A., Mitchell, J.M., Fields, H.L., Brainstem pain modulating circuitry is sexually dimorphic with respect to Mu and Kappa opioid receptor function. Pain 85: 153-159, 2000.

Pan, Z.Z., Hirakawa, N., Fields, H.L., A cellular mechanism for the bidirectional pain modulating action of OrphaninFQ/nociceptin. Neuron, 26: 1-20, 2000.

Budai, D., Fields, H.L. Endogenous opioids acting at mu-opioid receptors in the dorsal horn contribute to midbrain modulation of spinal nociceptive neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 79:677-687, 1998.

Meng, I.D., Manning, B.M., Martin, W.J., Fields, H.L. Analgesia Circuit activated by cannabinoids. Nature, 395: 381-383, 1998.

Pan, Z.Z., Tershner, S.A., Fields, H.L. Cellular mechanism for anti-analgesic action of agonists of the k-opioid receptor. Nature, 389:382-385, 1997.

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